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• Novák O., Bobčík M., Sláma V., Rudas B., Kellner J., Měšťánek P., Hlous J., Šimka Z., Luxa M., Šimurda D., Živný A., Macálka A., Ira J., DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND ROBUST ULTRA-LONG LAST STAGE BLADE FOR HIGH BACKPRESSURE, ASME TURBO EXPO 2019, PHOENIX, USA, GT2019-90350

  For modern steam turbines with large operating range and enhanced efficiency an ultra-long last stage rotor blade in a low pressure turbine part for high backpressure and 50 Hz fixed speed operation have been developed. An advanced design approach was used to create the blade shape with a high thermodynamic efficiency, high natural frequencies and a very high safety factor of average radial static stress in the blade span. Furthermore, the tip section of the bucket was improved to decrease a static tension and the hub section was refined to simplify the assembly. Tip and hub airfoils were experimentally validated in a supersonic wind tunnel. An advanced in-house procedure using numerical analysis to predict a potential danger of unstalled flutter was carried out for wide range of operating conditions. Full text
• Sláma, V. , Rudas, B. ,Eret, P. , Tsymbalyuk, V., Pinelli, L., Vanti, F., Arnone, A., Lo Balbo, A. A., Ira, J., Macálka, A., EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF CONTROLLED FLUTTER TESTING IN A LINEAR TURBINE BLADE CASCADE. Turbomachines 2018: Prague, Czech Republic, September 25. – 26., 2018.

  In this paper, results of controlled flutter testing of LSB tip profiles performed on subsonic test rig installed at the University of West Bohemia are described and compared with two different numerical methods: a commercial code (ANSYS CFX) and an in-house code (TRAF). The results confirm that the used CFD tools are capable to predict aerodynamic work exchange. Full text
• Hoznedl, M., Sedlák K., Živný, A., Macálka A., Mrózek, L., EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON FLOW IN THE LAST STAGE OF 1090 MW STEAM TURBINE. Turbomachines 2018: Prague, Czech Republic, September 25. – 26., 2018.

  The paper deals with experimental and numerical research in the last stage of 1090 MW nuclear steam turbine with the last steel blade length 1220 mm. The last stage was equipped with twelve static pressure taps. A number of last stage flow parameters were measured, calculated and compared at the root and tip wall for nominal turbine output. Full text
• Sláma, V., Rudas, B., Ira, J., Macálka, A., Eret, P., Tsymbalyuk, V., EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD INVESTIGATION OF AERODYNAMIC FORCES AND MOMENTS IN A LINEAR TURBINE BLADE CASCADE. ASME IMECE 2018: INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION: PITTSBURGH, NOVEMBER 9-15, 2018. IMECE2018-86667

  In order to eliminate occurrences of flutter of low pressure turbine blades it is necessary to understand the associated unsteady aerodynamics. For this reason, an experimental and numerical study of controlled flutter (travelling wave mode) in a linear turbine blade cascade oscillating in a torsional as well as translation motion is conducted. Unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments were measured on a subsonic eight-blade turbine cascade rig where central four blades are flexibly mounted each with two degrees of freedom. Thin blades in the cascade represent the tip section of the last stage rotor blades, which defines the turbine overall performance. A commercially available 3D CFD software ANSYS CFX is used to simulate the unsteady aerodynamic loading in the blade cascade. Experimental data and simulations are compared and influence of aerodynamic forces and moments on flutter is analysed. Full text
• Hoznedl M., Živný A., Macálka A., Tajč L., Sedlák K., Bednář L., Kalista R., THE PRESSURE FIELD AT THE OUTPUT FROM A LOW PRESSURE EXHAUST HOOD AND CONDENSER NECK OF THE STEAM TURBINE 1090 MW – EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESEARCH, ASME TURBO EXPO 2018, OSLO, GT2018-75248

  The paper presents the results of measurements of flow parameters behind the last stage of a 1090 MW nominal power steam turbine in a nuclear power plant. The results were obtained by traversing a pneumatic probe at a distance of about 100 mm from the trailing edges of the LSB (Last Stage Blade). Furthermore, both side walls as well as the front wall of one flow of the LP (Low Pressure) exhaust hood were fitted with a dense net of static pressure taps at the level of the flange of the turbine. A total of 26 static pressures were measured on the wall at the output from the LP exhaust hood. Another 14 pressures were measured at the output from the condenser neck. The distribution of static pressures in both cross sections for full power and 600 and 800 MW power is shown. Another experiment was measured pressure and angle distribution using a ball pneumatic probe in the condenser neck area in a total of four holes at a distance up to 5 metres from the neck wall.
  The turbine condenser is two-flow design. In one direction perpendicular to the axis of the turbine cold cooling water comes, it heats partially. It then reverses and it heats to the maximum temperature again. The different temperature of cooling water in the different parts of the output cross section should influence the distribution of the output static pressure. Differences in pressures may cause problems with uneven load of the tube bundles of the condenser as well as problems with defining the influential edge output condition in CFD simulations of the flow of the cold end of the steam turbine. Due to these reasons an extensive 3D CFD computation, which includes one stator blade as well as all moving blades of the last stage, a complete diffuser, the exhaust hood and the condenser neck, has been carried out. Geometry includes all reinforcing elements, pipes and heaters which could influence the flow behaviour in the exhaust hood and its pressure loss. Inlet boundary conditions were assumed for the case of both computations from the measurement of the flow field behind the penultimate stage. The outlet boundary condition was defined in the first case by an uneven value of the static pressure determined by the change of the temperature of cooling water. In the second case the boundary condition in accordance with the measurement was defined by a constant value of the static pressure along all the cross section of the output from the condenser neck. Results of both CFD computations are compared with experimental measurement by the distribution of pressures and other parameters behind the last stage. Full text
• Sláma V., Rudas B., Ira J., Macálka A., Eret P., Tsymbalyuk V., THE VALIDATION OF FLUTTER PREDICTION IN A LINEAR CASCADE OF NON-RIGID TURBINE BLADES, ASME TURBO EXPO 2018, OSLO, GT2018-75502

  In low-pressure steam turbines, aerodynamic and structural design of the last stage blades is critical in determining the power plant efficiency. The development of longer last stage blades which are recently over 1 meter in length is an important task for steam turbine manufactures. The design process involves a flutter analysis of last stage blade tip sections where increased unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments might endanger the blade aerodynamic stability. However, numerical design tools must be validated using measurements in test facilities under various operating conditions. In this work, ANSYS CFX is used for flutter prediction of turbine blade tip sections oscillating in a travelling wave mode. Simulations are compared to experimental results obtained from controlled flutter tests in a wind tunnel with a linear cascade of eight turbine blade profiles made of carbon fibre. Central four blades are flexibly mounted each with two degrees of freedom (i.e. bending and torsion motions). Large deflections of thin blade profiles are accounted for the estimation of unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments. A satisfactory agreement between the simulations and experiments is achieved. Full text
• Kroupa, M., Plašil, V., Kohoutek, P., Macálka, A., THE COLD COMPRESSORS AS A KEY ELEMENT IN THE FIELD OF CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS. CONFERENCE OF CRYOGENICS AND REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGIES: BUCHAREST, MAY 7-10, 2018

  This paper presents design of helium Cold Compressors (CCs) which are applied as a key part of cryogenic refrigeration systems. The CCs are usually used to pump-off gaseous helium – 4He from thermally insulated tank with saturated liquid helium and thus reduction of gas pressure above the surface of liquid helium. [Ueresin 2015, Zhang 2015, Claudet 1990] This procedure ensures the stable superfluid liquid helium properties which is used as refrigerant in a lot of current high-tech applications with a great demand on cooling power e.g.: accelerators, TOKAMAKs etc. Full text
• Sláma, V., Rudas, B., Ira, J., Macálka, A., Eret, P., Tsymbalyuk, V., CASE STUDY FROM CFD FLUTTER PREDICTION VALIDATION USING A LINEAR CASCADE STAND. APLIKÁCIA EXPERIMENTÁLNYCH A NUMERICKÝCH METÓD V MECHANIKE TEKUTÍN A ENERGETIKE 2018, ŽILINA

  Last stage blades are a key element of steam turbines and in many ways determine the turbine configuration alongside with the overall turbine performance. The total efficiency of the low pressure turbine section can be increased by extending the last stage blades. The design process of such long blades involves a flutter analysis using CFD tools which have to be validated by measurements in test facilities under various operating conditions. Experimental data obtained from a subsonic wind tunnel with an oscillating turbine blade cascade, which is available at the Department of Power System Engineering at the University of West Bohemia, was compared with simulations in ANSYS CFX currently used in the Doosan Škoda Power. The paper provides a brief summary of experimental rig description, CFD tool setup and the results for the case of a travelling wave mode with the pure torsion motion of amplitude of 0.5°, Ma = 0.2, reduced frequency of 0.38 and angle of attack +5°. Full text
• Antecký T., DISASSEMBLING WITH RADARE2, LinuxDays 2017

  Introduction to an open source toolkit for reverse engineering. Part of the talk will be a practical demo of using radare2 for solving a simple crackme. Full text
• Ira J., Macálka A., Sláma V., Eret P., Tsymbalyuk V., EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD ANALYSIS OF STEADY SUBSONIC AIRFOIL IN A STATIONARY CASCADE OF TURBINE BLADES, EFM 2017

  Wind tunnels have been used to study aerodynamic effects of air moving past solid objects for several decades. With the onset of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and with a rapid development in computer performance the number of experimental measurements in wind tunnels decreases gradually. Even though CFD is a powerful tool, it is necessary to validate CFD predictions using experimental data for more and more specific cases. The submitted paper deals with a numerical simulation of steady airflow in a stationary cascade of turbine blades in a subsonic wind tunnel installed at the Department of Power System Engineering, the University of West Bohemia. Numerical results of a static and total pressure are compared with experimental data in the traversing plane behind the cascade and modifications of the inlet channel geometry have been proposed to improve the fluid flow through the cascade. Full text
• Živný A., Macálka A., Hoznedl M., Sedlák K., Hajšman, M., Kolovratník M., FLOW SIMULATION IN LP EXHAUST HOOD OF STEAM TURBINE 1 090 MW FOR SATURATED STEAM, ASME Turbo Expo 2017 Charlotte, GT2017-63576

  The last-stage blade (LSB) rows and exhaust hood in low-pressure (LP) steam turbine sections are key elements of the entire LP turbine part. The cold end section affects significantly the whole LP turbine efficiency and overall turbine performance due to huge steam expansion. This expansion is strongly coupled with the diffuser and exhaust hood, which transforms kinetic energy at the stage exit into potential energy. Mentioned mechanism leads to expansion line prolongation between the stage inlet and diffuser outlet and higher turbine power output. An experimental investigation of the flow field in the exhaust hood is very economically and procedurally expensive and not commonly feasible. Nowadays, capable numerical simulations can provide relatively fast and accurate results on any studied model. On the other hand, the flow behavior inside the LSB and the exhaust hood is very complex and it is still challenging to investigate the whole system using CFD codes. The purpose of this paper is to validate complex three-dimensional CFD methodology of the flow field in the operating 1 090 MW steam turbine exhaust hood with radial diffuser and condenser neck. The exceptional contribution of this paper is the fact that unique data obtained by measurement on operating Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) steam turbine are available. The comparison is focused mainly on the pressure, velocity and steam wetness distribution along the LSB height at the stage exit/diffuser inlet. Wall static pressures and the pressure recovery coefficient of the exhaust hood were also determined and compared with experimental data. The complete CFD study helps to understand the flow behavior inside the whole exhaust throat and locate critical parts that negatively affect aerodynamic design. Full text
• Macálka A., Živný A., Hoznedl M., Hajšman M., OPTIMIZATION OF IP DIFFUSER IN THE STEAM TURBINE, TURBOMACHINES 2016

  The work has been focused on the shape optimization of the intermediate pressure diffuser. Intermediate pressure diffuser is a part of steam turbine between last intermediate stage and outlet chamber of turbine part. The aim of this optimization is to minimize the losses due to separation or inefficient diffuser design. The optimization process consists of geometry parameterisation, mesh generation, CFD calculations and postprocessing. Full text
• Šimka Z., Bobčík M., Rudas B., Hajšman M., Živný A., Macálka A., Jelínek T., DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL TRUBINE CONTROL STAGE, TURBOMACHINES 2016

  Control stage is a very important part of small turbines. Typically the enthalpic drop of control stage is relatively high. So efficiency of control stage has strong influence on total efficiency of turbine. Many solutions have been developed at Doosan Škoda Power which increase efficiency and reliability of small turbines control stages. Full text
• Živný A., Macálka A., Hoznedl M., Sedlák K., Hajšman, M., FLOW SIMULATION IN LP EXHAUST HOOD OF STEAM TURBINE 1 090 MW FOR SATURATED STEAM, TURBOMACHINES 2016

  This article is focused to the CFD simulation of the LP exhaust hood of 1 090 MW steam turbine flow field. Simulation results were compared to data obtained by measurement. Radial pressure and velocity distribution in traverse location at the inlet to the diffuser were mainly compared. Further, wall pressure in diffuser and in exhaust hood were also compared. Full text
• Macálka A., Synáč J., Váchová J., Hajšman M., AERODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF NOZZLE FOR LAST STAGE OF STEAM TURBINE, ASME Turbo Expo 2015 Montreal, GT2015-42396

  In order to meet the requirements of rising energy demand, one goal in the design process of modern steam turbines is to achieve high efficiencies. A major gain in efficiency is expected from the optimization of the last stage of a low pressure turbine (LP). This paper focuses on aerodynamic study by compound lean, axial sweep and hub end-wall of nozzle. The objective function is to maximize efficiency and minimize the leaving losses under the assumption of constant mass flow rate. The aerodynamic design process involves commercial 3D CFD tools. The maximization of the objective functions is achieved by means of a Design of Experiment (DoE) method “Optimal Space Filling” based on “Latin Hypercube Sampling”. Finally, the optimized design is analyzed by a transient (Time Transformation) CFD simulation. Furthermore, the detailed flow pattern of the optimized and the initial design is analyzed and compared. Full text
• Živný A., Macálka A., Martinů P., Hajšman, M., Hoznedl M., STUDY OF FLOW IN EXHAUST HOOD OF STEAM TURBINE, ANSYS UGM 2014

  This article is focused to the CFD simulation of the LP exhaust hood steam turbine flow field. Simulation results were compared to data obtained by measurement. Radial pressure and velocity distribution in traverse location at the inlet to the diffuser were mainly compared. Further, wall pressure in diffuser and in exhaust hood were also compared. Full text
• Macálka A., Hoznedl M., OPTIMIZATION OF IP DIFFUSER IN THE STEAM TURBINE, TURBOMACHINES 2014

  The work has been focused on the design and implementation of the optimization process of the flow region shapes in the diffuser of last stage, intermediate pressure steam turbine. The aim of such optimization is to minimize the losses due to separations or inefficient diffuser design. The process chain consists of geometry and mesh generation, CFD calculations and postprocessing. The necessary computation area of diffuser consisted of inlet part, diffuser part and outlet part. Full text
• Antecký T., Macálka A., FLUTTER ANALYSE OF NASA ROTOR 37, TURBOMACHINES 2013

  Blade failure caused by flutter is a major problem in the rotating machines with long blades. It is because rotor has a large scale in spanwise, which provides low structural frequency as well as supersonic tip speeds. Since most of the unsteady aerodynamic work is done in the tip region, transonic tip-leakage flow that influences the tip region flow could have a remarkable effect on the aerodynamic stability of rotor blades. In this paper, a 3D model is NASA rotor 37. URANS simulation carried by numerical software CFX code is applied, and the results show an good agreement with measurement. Full text
• Macálka A., Martinů P., CFD OPTIMIZATION OF STATOR BLADE IN THE LAST STAGE OF STEAM TURBINE, TURBOMACHINES 2012

  The work has been focused on the design and implementation of the optimization process of the flow region shapes in the last stage of low pressure steam turbine. Optimization has been concentrated on the increase in efficiency and decrease of exit loss under constant mass flow conditions. The process chain consists of geometry and mesh generation, 3D-CFD calculations for two different operating points. The necessary computation area of turbine stage consisted of one stator blade and one rotor blade. Full text
• Martinů P., HEATING OF THE BRAKE DISC, ANSYS UGM 2012

  The paper presents virtual modelling approaches of car brake disk heating. Pros and cons of each approach are mentioned as well as HPC requirements. Full text
• Martinů P., USING PARALLELIZATION IN HPC CALCULATIONS, ANSYS UGM 2012

  This paper presents the HPC setup for High Fidelity calculations. The work explains HPC Hardware Terminology and discusses the effect of clock speed, the effect of memory speed, Turbo Boost, Hyper-threading, HPC Scalability and Interconnect. Shared Memory Parallel and Distributed memory systems are also investigated. Full text
• Macálka A., Martinů P., CFD CALCULATION OF 5 LP STAGES, Current Trends in Design and Simulation of Turbomachinery 2011

  This article is focused to the CFD simulation of the five LP stages of steam turbine flow field. Full text
• Macálka A., MODERN OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES IN ANSYS, IT CAD 2011

  This technical article describes a procedure of 3D optimization of almost any product by using up-to date optimization tools. Full text
• Martinů P., Šimka Z., Dvořák D., COMPLEX HP STAGE STEAM FLOW COMPUTATION WITH INPUT FROM THE OVERLOAD VALVE, Current Trends in Design and Simulation of Turbomachinery 2011

  This paper presents results of the complex 3D flow calculation of the one-and-a-half high-pressure stage of the steam turbine with the inlet from the overload valve for several operation points. The study evaluates the effect of the overload valve input imbalance on the shaft force load and its possible relief, which can interfere with the stability of the oil film in bearings and subsequent vibration. Flow analysis and force on impeller blades were also investigated. Full text
• Martinů P., Šimka Z., Synáč J., UNSTEADY COMPUTATION OF THREE HIGH PRESSURE STAGES OF STEAM TURBINE, TURBOMACHINES 2010

  The paper presents an 3D unsteady CFD simulation of three high pressure stages of steam turbine. CFD code ANSYS-FLUENT is used. Rotating parts are modelled as moving mesh. The simulation is quite unique due to high level of complexity. The computational model covers balancing holes in the rotor discs, rotor shaft sealings, blading covers, brakes and axial gaps. Various ways of post processing demonstrate the importance of such a complex simulation. Full text
• Vlček P., Macálka A.,…, THE OPTIMISATION OF THE CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR DIFFUSER VANES, Papiernička 2009

  This paper is concerned with the shape optimisation of the centrifugal compressor diffuser vanes on the basis of already optimised compressor stage without these vanes using state-of-art methods. The goal of the optimisation is to improve efficiency and pressure rate of this compressor. The centrifugal compressor consists of impeller, diffuser vanes and vaned return channel. The authors mention the physical models and boundary conditions and the description of mathematical methods and computational assumptions are also discussed. This optimisation was solved in co-operation with our external partner. Full text
• Martinů P., Šimka Z., CFD COMPUTATION USING REAL GAS AND WET STEAM MODEL, Current Trends in Design and Simulation of Turbomachinery 2009

  The aim of this paper is to compare the results of the CFD modeling of the last stage of the steam turbine with the respect to the steam modelling approaches. Two methods, real steam model and steam as ideal gas substitution were detailed compared. The methodic of proper ideal gas setup from the thermodynamics point view is discussed. Full text
• Martinů P., Mužík T., Hásek J., CALCULATION OF LEAKAGE COMPRESSED GAS THROUGH THE STUFFING BOX, ANSYS UGM 2009

  The paper compares results of the CFD simulation of the several compressor shaft seal design configurations to prevent CO2 gas leakage into the working place. The functionality and safeness is evaluated. The gas behaviour is investigated and chocking in the channels due to supersonic expansion is discussed. Full text
• Macálka A., Kosprdová J., Oldřich J.,…, OPTIMISATION OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR, ANSYS UGM 2008

  The work has been focused on the optimization process of the centrifugal compressor stage. Optimization has been concentrated on the increase in efficiency and pressure ratio. The necessary computation area of compressor stage consisted of one rotor blade, diffuser and vaned return channel. We used Mixing Plane algorithm for the interface between rotor and stator. Full text
• Macálka A., Šimka Z.,…, INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF TURBINE STAGE BY USING MODERN OPTIMIZATION METHODS, iSIGHT UGM 2008

  This paper describes a procedure of 3D optimization of a turbine stage using compound twist. The objective was to increase efficiency while preserving the mass flowrate. A special method called morphing built in the program SCULPTOR (Optimal Solution, Inc.) was used for modelling the change of the blade shape. The numerical solution of the 3D flow was solved by FLUENT (Fluent, Inc.) and the optimization procedure was controlled by iSIGHT (Engineous Software, Inc.). Full text
• Macálka A., Oldřich J.,…, OPTIMIZATION IN TURBOMACHINARY DESIGN USING THE TOOLS OF DIGITAL PROTOTYPING, STEAM TURBINES AND OTHER TURBOMACHINES 2008

  Documentation of current workflow used in turbomachinery design and summarization of new possibilities for faster and more effective design using the tools of digital prototyping – CAE and namely using optimization s procedure’s. New design workflow and its acceleration using optimization and segmentation and automation of separate jobs is demonstrated on radial compressor example. Full text
• Šimka Z., Synáč J., Macálka A.,…, 3D BLADING FOR LP CYLINDERS, STEAM TURBINES AND OTHER TURBOMACHINES 2008

  The paper describes development of 3D blading for LP cylinders of steam turbines in the project „Turbine with high efficiency“ at Škoda Power. 3D shape of blades is created by staggering of blade section airfoiles to so-called controlled flow effect, their stacking to tangential compound lean and their individual shaping. Shapes of airfoiles and complete blades was extracted from 1D and 2D design calculations and extensive 2D and 3D CFD optimizations carried out at Škoda Power and our external partner. Special attention was paid to optimization of airfoiles to local Mach numbers. New blading complementes 3D blading for HP and IP cylinders and new last LP stages developed at Škoda Power in previous years. Full text
• Martinů P., Macálka A.,…, NEW APPROACHES in postprocesing and evaluation of CFD simulation results of THE TURBINE STAGEs, STEAM TURBINES AND OTHER TURBOMACHINES 2008

  This paper describes plugin module on commercial CFD code ANSYS-FLUENT. This module was developed by our external partner with cooperation of Škoda Power and is dedicated for higly efficient posprocessing of both steady and unsteady state CFD results of steam turbine stages. Full text
• Šimka Z., Synáč J., Cox G., Wu J., Macálka A.,…, STEAM TURBINE WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY 3D BLADING AT SKODA POWER, STEAM TURBINES AND OTHER TURBOMACHINES 2007

  This paper describes development of 3D blading in the project „Turbine with high efficiency“ at Škoda Power. This blading increases the efficiency of steam turbines flow path. 3D shape of blades incorporates both effects - the controlled flow and compound lean and is based on extended CFD optimizations carried out at Škoda Power and extern consultancy firms. Full text
• Macálka A., Štastný M., Šimka Z.,…, ADVANCE OF TURBINE STAGE EFFICIENCY BY USING OF PRESENT-DAY OPTIMIZATION METHOD, STEAM TURBINES AND OTHER TURBOMACHINES 2007

  This paper describes a procedure of 3D optimization of a turbine stage using compound twist. The objective was to increase efficiency while preserving the mass flowrate. A special method called morphing built in the program SCULPTOR (Optimal Solution, Inc.) was used for modelling the change of the blade shape. The numerical solution of the 3D flow was solved by FLUENT (Fluent, Inc.) and the optimization procedure was controlled by iSIGHT (Engineous Software, Inc.). Full text
• Macálka A., Štastný M., Šimka Z.,…, SHAPE OPTIMISATION OF THE TURBINE STAGE FLOW PARTS, STEAM TURBINES AND OTHER TURBOMACHINES 2006

  The work has been focused on the design and implementation of the optimization process of the flow regions shape in steam turbine stage. The proposed methodology has been examined on MP stage of steam turbine 200 MW. Optimization has been concentrated on the increase in efficiency under constant flow condition. The necessary computation area of turbine stage consisted of one stator blade, one rotor blade and vicinity. The same number of blades for stator and rotor part enabled the Mixing Plane algorithm for the cross section interaction. Full text